← Return to atlasSource register
Data: Maddison Project Database 2023, Jutta Bolt and Jan Luiten van Zanden. Cite Bolt & van Zanden (2024), “Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update”, Journal of Economic Surveys. Paper · Dataset (CC BY 4.0).
The bibliography below reproduces country source listings from the workbook. Date ranges refer to source coverage, not independent validation of each displayed row. Early entries are reconstructions; source interpolation is not separately flagged by this extract. GDP/person is not wages, wealth, household income or happiness. Country labels identify source statistical series, not 1820 sovereign states. Historical territorial definitions need country-by-country review.
Geography: Natural Earth, public domain, 1:110m physical land polygons. Project interpolation uses linear values between supported endpoints at most eight years apart in allowlisted series periods only; three Portuguese GDP/person snapshots (1856, 1860, 1864) are estimated. The popup gives both endpoint years and values. No extrapolation. Modern Natural Earth admin-0 reference outlines are displayed; these are not historical sovereignty or borders. Geography file retrieved 13 November 2026; the download was not release-tagged. Source file hash is retained with the built data. Modern label points and approximate manual anchors locate statistical series only. Do not sum overlapping former/modern units.
Workbook SHA256: ecc5916ca12789b983fc4be437f8a354bbf4291323605324ac3e0aea4c57cbb6
Workbook general notes
List of sources included in the database since (and including) MPD2013 | GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics | ISO code · Country · Source | List of sources Maddison original dataset last updated in 2010 | ISO code · Country · Source
Afghanistan · AFG
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Angola · AGO
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Albania · ALB
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
United Arab Emirates · ARE
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Argentina · ARG
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1800 - 1870 · Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307 (updated data) [Sources]
- 1870 - 1900 · Bertola, L and Ocampo, J.A. (2012) The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford, Oxford U.P [Sources]
- 1900-1913 · Unpublished annual estimates supplied by ECLA/CONADE. and quinquennial averages published in El Desarrollo Económico de la Argentina, ECLA, Mexico, 1959, p. 15; [Maddison original sources]
- 1913-1950 · IEERAL, "Estadísticas de la evolución económica de Argentina, 1913-84", Estudios, Buenos Aires, July-September, 1986. [Maddison original sources]
Armenia · ARM
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Australia · AUS
Dataset region: Western Offshoots. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820-1828 · Butlin, N.G. 'Our 200 Years', Queesland Calendar, 1988 [Maddison original sources]
- 1828-1860 · N.G. Butlin, "Contours of the Australian Economy 1788-1860", Australian Economic Review, Sept. 1986, pp. 112-13; [Maddison original sources]
- 1861-1938/9 · N.G. Butlin, Australian Domestic Product, Investment and Foreign Borrowing 1861-1938/9, Cambridge, 1962,pp.460-1; amdended as indicated in N.G. Butlin, Investment in Australian Economic Development 1861-19000, Cambridge, 1964, p. 453 and with revised deflator shown in M.W. Butlin, A Preliminary Annual Databae 1900/1901 to 1973/1974, Discussion Paper 7701, Reserve Bank of Australia, 1977, p. 41 [Maddison original sources]
- 1938/9-1950 · from expenditure aggregates in 1966/7 prices in M.W. Butlin, RS/FLW/, p.85. [Maddison original sources]
Austria · AUT
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1830-1913 · Kausel, "Oster-reichs Volkseinkommen 1830 bis 1913" in Geschichte und Ergebnisse der zentralen amtlichen Statistik in Österreich 1829-1979, Beitrage zur österreichischen Statistik, Heft 550, Vienna, 1979, pp. 692-3. [Maddison original sources]
- 1913-50 · A. Kausel, N. Nemeth, and H. Seidel, "Oster-reichs Volkseinkommen, 1913-63", Monatsberichte des Osterreichischen Institutes für Wirtschaftsforschung, 14th Sonderheft, Vienna, August 1965, p. 38 and 42; [Maddison original sources]
Azerbaijan · AZE
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Burundi · BDI
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Belgium · BEL
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 1500- 1846 · Buyst, E. (2011), “Towards Estimates of Long Term Growth in the Southern Low Countries, ca.1500-1846”, Results presented at the Conference on Quantifying Long Run Economic Development, Venice, 22-24 March, 2011 [Sources]
- 1846-1913 · J. Gadisseur, "Contribution à l'étude de la production agricole en Belgique de 1846 à 1913", Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, vol. IV, 1-2, 1973, [Maddison original sources]
- 1913-1950 · C. Carbonnelle, "Recherches sur levolution de la production en Belgique de 1900à 1957", Cahiers Economiques de Bruxelles, no. 3, April 1959, p. 358. [Maddison original sources]
Benin · BEN
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Burkina Faso · BFA
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Bangladesh · BGD
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1900-1950 · Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995 [Maddison original sources]
Bulgaria · BGR
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1892-1945 · Ivanov, M. (2006). “Bulgarian National Income between 1892 and 1924,” Bulgarian National Discussion Papers DP/54/2006 [Sources]
Bahrain · BHR
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Bosnia and Herzegovina · BIH
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1952-2008 · Milanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project [Sources]
Belarus · BLR
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) · BOL
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1846-1950 · Herranz-Loncán, A. and Peres-Cajías (2016). “Bolivian GDP per capita since the mid-nineteenth century” Cliometrica 10: 99-128 [Sources]
Brazil · BRA
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1800 - 1870 · Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307 (updated data) [Sources]
- 1850–1899 · Barro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). “Macroeconomic Crises since 1870” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350 [Sources]
- 1900-1950 · A. Maddison and Associates, The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: Brazil and Mexico, Oxford University Press, New York 1992; [Maddison original sources]
Barbados · BRB
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Botswana · BWA
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Central African Republic · CAF
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Canada · CAN
Dataset region: Western Offshoots. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820-1850 · Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995 [Maddison original sources]
- 1851-70 · O.J. Firestone, "Canada's Changing Economy in the Second Half of the 19th Century", NBER, New York, 1957, processed, amended for 1820–70 to include income
of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870) [Maddison original sources]
- 1870-1926 · M.C. Urquart and Associates, ed., Gross National Product, Canada 1870-1926: The Derivation of the Estimates, McGill Queen's University Press, Montreal, 1993, pp. 11-12 and 24-5, [Maddison original sources]
- 1926-1950 · Statistics Canada, National Income and Expenditure Accounts, vol. 1, The Annual Estimates 1926-1974, Ottawa, 1975, p. 323. 1960 onwards from OECD, National Accounts. [Maddison original sources]
Switzerland · CHE
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 1850-2011 · Stohr, Christian (2016), Trading Gains: new estimates of Swiss GDP, 1851-2008. Economic History Working Papers, 245/2016. London School of Economics and Political Science, Economic History Department, London, UK [Sources]
Chile · CHL
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1810–2004 · Díaz, J.B. Lüders, R. and Wagner, G. (2007) Economia Chilena 1810 - 2000, Producto total y sectorial una nueva mirada, Pontificia universidad Catolica de Chile, Insituto de Economia, Documeno de Trabajo no. 315 [Sources]
China · CHN
Dataset region: East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1000-1661 · Broadberry, S.N., Guan, Hanhui and David Daokui Li (2018), “China, Europe and the Great Divergence: a Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850”, Journal of Economic History, 78, 4, 955-1000 [Sources]
- 1661–1933 · Broadberry, S.N., Guan, Hanhui and David Daokui Li (2018), “China, Europe and the Great Divergence: a Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850”, Journal of Economic History, 78, 4, 955-1000 [Sources]
- 1661–1933 · Xu, Y. Z. Shi, B. van Leeuwen, Y Ni, Z Zhang, and Y Ma, (2016) 'Chinese National Income, ca. 1661-1933', Australian Economic History Review 57(3), 368–393 [Sources]
- 1952–2008 · Wu, Harry X. (2014), “China’s growth and productivity performance debate revisited – Accounting for China’s sources of growth with a new data set” The Conference Board Economics Program Working Paper Series EWP#14-01. [Sources]
Côte d'Ivoire · CIV
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Cameroon · CMR
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
D.R. of the Congo · COD
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Congo · COG
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Colombia · COL
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1800 - 1870 · Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307 (updated data) [Sources]
- 1870 - 1923 · Bertola, L and Ocampo, J.A. (2012) The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford, Oxford U.P. [Sources]
- 1929 - 1950 · CEPAL, Series Historicas del Crecimiento de America Latina, Santiago, 1978 [Maddison original sources]
Comoros · COM
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Cabo Verde · CPV
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Costa Rica · CRI
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Czechoslovakia [statistical unit] · CSK
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1993 - · Based on GDP and population data for their successor states [Sources]
- 1820-1913 · A. Kausel, "Österreichs Volkseinkommen 1830 bis 1913", in "Geschichte und Ergebnisse der zentralen amtlichen Statistik in Österreich 1829-1979", Beiträge zum Osterreichischen Statistik, 550, Vienna, 1979. [Maddison original sources]
- 1913-37 · F.L. Pryor, Z.P. Pryor, M. Stadnik, and G.J. Staller "Czechoslovakia Aggregate Production in the Inter-war Period", Review of Income and Wealth, March 1971, p.36. [Maddison original sources]
- 1937-50 · G. Lazarcik, "Czechoslovak Gross National Product by Sector of Origin and Final Use, 1937, and 1948-65"", Occasional Paper 26, Research Project on National Income in East Central Europe, New York, 1969. [Maddison original sources]
Cuba · CUB
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1690–1895 · Santamaria Garcia, A. (2005). Las Cuentas nacionales de Cuba, 1960 - 2005', mimeo [Sources]
- 1902–1958 · Ward, M. and Devereux, J. (2012), “The Road Not Taken: Pre-Revolutionary Cuban Living Standards in Comparative Perspective” Journal of Economic History, 72(1): 104–132 [Sources]
Cyprus · CYP
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Czech Republic · CZE
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Germany · DEU
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1500-1850 · Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107 [Sources]
- 1850-1950 · Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5. [Maddison original sources]
Djibouti · DJI
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Dominica · DMA
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Denmark · DNK
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Dominican Republic · DOM
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Algeria · DZA
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Ecuador · ECU
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1833-1938 · Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data). We use the growth rate between 1933 and 1938 from Prados de la Escosura (2009) and link that to the 1939 level of Maddison’s original estimates. [Sources]
Egypt · EGY
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 700 – 1500 · Pamuk, Ş. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). “Real Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500”, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011. [Sources]
- 1820, 1870, 1913, 1950 · Pamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828 [Sources]
Spain · ESP
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 1270-1850 · Álvarez-Nogal, C. and L. Prados de la Escosura (2013). "The Rise and Fall of Spain (1270-1850)," Economic History Review, 66, 1, 1-37, using their annual benchmarks [Sources]
- 1850–2011 · Prados de la Escosura, L. (2017), Spanish Economic Growth, 1850-2015 (London: Palgrave Macmillan) [Sources]
Estonia · EST
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Ethiopia · ETH
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Finland · FIN
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1600–1860 · Eloranta, J., Voutilainen, M. and Nummela, I. (2016). “Estimating Finnish Economic Growth Before 1860” mimeo. [Sources]
- 1860-1960 · R. Hjerppe, The Finnish Economy 1860-1985: Growth and Structural Change, Bank of Finland, Helsinki, 1989, pp. 198-200. [Maddison original sources]
France · FRA
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 1276–1800 · Ridolfi, L., & Nuvolari, A. (2021). L’histoire immobile? A reappraisal of French economic growth using the demand-side approach, 1280–1850. European Review of Economic History, 25(3), 405–428 [Sources]
- 1850-1913 · Toutain, Le Produit interieur de la France de 1789 a 1982, Presses Universitaires
de Grenoble, 1987 [Maddison original sources]
- 1920-1950 · Toutain, Le Produit interieur de la France de 1789 a 1982, Presses Universitaires
de Grenoble, 1987 [Maddison original sources]
Gabon · GAB
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
United Kingdom · GBR
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 1252–1700 (England) · Broadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Sources]
- 1700–1870 · Broadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Sources]
- 1870-1950 · C.H. Feinstein, National Income Expenditure and Output of the United Kingdom 1855-1965, Cambridge, 1972 [Maddison original sources]
Georgia · GEO
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Ghana · GHA
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1885-1950 · Broadberry, S., & Gardner, L. (2022). Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1885–2008: Evidence from eight countries. Explorations in Economic History, 83, 101424. [Sources]
Guinea · GIN
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Gambia · GMB
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Guinea-Bissau · GNB
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Equatorial Guinea · GNQ
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Greece · GRC
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 1833-1913 · Kostelenos G., S. Petmezas, D. Vasiliou, E. Kounaris and M. Sfakianakis, (2007), "Gross Domestic Product 1830-1939", Sources of Economic History of Modern Greece: Quantitative data and statistical series 1830-1939, Historical Archives of the National Bank of Greece, Athens. [Sources]
- 1913-1929 · C. Clark, Conditions of Economic Progress, 3rd edition, Macmillan, London, 1957; 1929-38 GNP at factor cost from Ekonomikos Tachydromos, 22 May 1954; 1938-50 from OEEC, Europe and the World Economy, Paris 1960, p.116. [Maddison original sources]
- 1929-1950 · Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995 [Maddison original sources]
Guatemala · GTM
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
China, Hong Kong SAR · HKG
Dataset region: East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Honduras · HND
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Croatia · HRV
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1952-2008 · Milanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project [Sources]
Haiti · HTI
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Hungary · HUN
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1870-1913 · L. Katus, "Economic Growth in Hungary during the Age of Dualism (1867-1913)" in E. Pemlenyi, ed., Social Economic Research in the History of East Central Europe, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1970, p.108 and J. Komlos, The Habsburg Monarchy as a Customs Union, Princeton, 1983, pp. 291-3 [Maddison original sources]
- 1900-42 · A. Eckstein, "National Income and Capital Formation in Hungary, 1900-50", in S. Kuznets, ed., Income and Wealth, series V GNP index, Bowes and Bowes, London, 1955, p. 175 [Maddison original sources]
- 1938-50 · from L. Czirjak, "Hungarian GNP by Sectors of Origin of Product and End Uses, 1938 and 1946-67", Occasional Paper 43, Research Project on East Central Europe, New York, 1973. [Maddison original sources]
Indonesia · IDN
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1815 – 1880 (Java) · Van Zanden (2012). “Economic Growth in Java 1815-1939: The Reconstruction of the Historical National Accounts of a Colonial Economy”, Maddison-Project Working Paper WP-3. [Sources]
- 1880-2008 · Van der Eng, P. (2010). The Sources of Long-Term Economic Growth in Indonesia, 1880-2008”, Explorations in Economic History, 47: 294-309 [Sources]
India · IND
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1600–1870 · Broadberry, S.N., Custodis, J. and Gupta, B. (2015), “India and the great divergence: an Anglo-Indian comparison of GDP per capita, 1600–1871” Explorations in Economic History, 55: 58-75. [Sources]
- 1870-1900 · A. Heston, "National Income", in D. Kumar and M. Desai, Cambridge Economic History of India, vol. 2, Cambridge, 1983, p. 397. [Maddison original sources]
- 1900-46 · A. Maddison, "Alternative Estimates of the Real Product of India, 1900-46", Indian Economic and Social History Review, 22, 2, 1985. [Maddison original sources]
- 1946-50 · A. Maddison, Class Structure and Economic Growth: India and Pakistan Since the Moghuls, Allen and Unwin, London, 1971, p. 169. [Maddison original sources]
Ireland · IRL
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820, 1870, 1913 · MPD 2013, Bolt and Van Zanden, 2014, The Maddison Project: collaborative research on historical national accounts. The Economic History Review, 67(3), 627–651 [Maddison original sources]
- 1913-1926 · P. Deane (1968), and Feinstein, 1972 [Maddison original sources]
- 1926-1950 · K.A. Kennedy, Productivity and Industrial Growth: The Irish Experience, Oxford University Press, 1971, p. 3. [Maddison original sources]
Iran (Islamic Republic of) · IRN
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820, 1870, 1913, 1950 · Pamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828 [Sources]
Iraq · IRQ
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 700 – 1500 · Pamuk, Ş. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). “Real Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500”, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011. [Sources]
- 1820, 1870, 1913, 1950 · Pamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828 [Sources]
Iceland · ISL
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1870-1945 · Jonsson, G. (1998). The gross domestic product of Iceland, 1870-1945. Nordiska Historiska Nasjonalregnkaper, Artikkelsamling from Workshop IV, Solstrand 13-15 NOvember 1998. [Sources]
Israel · ISR
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
Italy · ITA
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1451-1861 · Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091). [Sources]
- 1861-1871 (North Italy) · Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219. [Sources]
- 1871-1990 · Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18. [Sources]
Jamaica · JAM
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1850 - 1938 · Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307 (updated data) [Sources]
Jordan · JOR
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 1820, 1870, 1913, 1950 · Pamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828 [Sources]
Japan · JPN
Dataset region: East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 724-1874 · Bassino, Jean-Pascal & Broadberry, Stephen & Fukao, Kyoji & Gupta, Bishnupriya & Takashima, Masanori, (2018). "Japan and the Great Divergence, 730-1874," CEI Working Paper Series 2018-13, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University [Sources]
- 1874-1940 · Fukao, K., Bassino, J.-P., Makino, T., Paprzycki, R., Settsu, T., Takashima, M., and Tokui, J. (2015) Regional Inequality and Industrial Structure in Japan: 1874-2008, Tokyo: Maruzen Publishing. [Sources]
Kazakhstan · KAZ
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Kenya · KEN
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1904-1950 · Broadberry, S., & Gardner, L. (2022). Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1885–2008: Evidence from eight countries. Explorations in Economic History, 83, 101424. [Sources]
Kyrgyzstan · KGZ
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Cambodia · KHM
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Republic of Korea · KOR
Dataset region: East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1911-1990 · Cha, M.S., Kim, N.N., Park, K.-J., Park, Y. (Eds.) (2020), Historical Statistics of Korea. Studies in Economic History, New York: Springer Publishing [Sources]
- 1820, 1870 · Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995 [Maddison original sources]
Kuwait · KWT
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Lao People's DR · LAO
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Lebanon · LBN
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820, 1870, 1913, 1950 · Pamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828 [Sources]
Liberia · LBR
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1845-1950 · Gardner, L. (2022). Sovereignty without Power: Liberia in the Age of Empires, 1822-1980. Cambridge University Press. [Sources]
Libya · LBY
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Saint Lucia · LCA
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Sri Lanka · LKA
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Lesotho · LSO
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Lithuania · LTU
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Luxembourg · LUX
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Latvia · LVA
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Morocco · MAR
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Republic of Moldova · MDA
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Madagascar · MDG
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Mexico · MEX
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1550–1812 · Arroyo Abad, L. and J.L. van Zanden (2016), “Growth under Extractive Institutions? Latin American Per Capita GDP in Colonial Times” Journal of Economic History 76(4): 1182–1215. [Sources]
- 1812–1870 · Prados de la Escosura, L., (2009), ‘Lost decades? Economic performance in post-independence Latin America’, Journal of Latin America Studies, 41, pp. 279–307. (updated data) [Sources]
- 1870-1895 · Bértola, L., & Ocampo, J. A. (2012). The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford University Press, Table A.2 [Sources]
- 1895–2003 · Barro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). “Macroeconomic Crises since 1870” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350 [Sources]
TFYR of Macedonia · MKD
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1952-2008 · Milanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project [Sources]
Mali · MLI
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Malta · MLT
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Myanmar · MMR
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1901-1938 · "Trends of Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Burma 1870-1940", Journal of the Burma Research Society, 1964, p. 144 [Maddison original sources]
- 1938-1950 · E.E. Hagen, On the Theory of Social Change, Dorsey, Homewood, Illinois, 1962, Table 18-1, [Maddison original sources]
Montenegro · MNE
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1952-2008 · Milanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project [Sources]
Mongolia · MNG
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Mozambique · MOZ
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Mauritania · MRT
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Mauritius · MUS
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Malawi · MWI
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1904-1950 · Broadberry, S., & Gardner, L. (2022). Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1885–2008: Evidence from eight countries. Explorations in Economic History, 83, 101424. [Sources]
Malaysia · MYS
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1900-1939 · Nazrin Shah, S. (2017). Charting the Economy: Early 20th Century Malaya and Contemporary Malaysian Contrasts, Oxford University Press [Sources]
Namibia · NAM
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Niger · NER
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Nigeria · NGA
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1885-1950 · Broadberry, S., & Gardner, L. (2022). Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1885–2008: Evidence from eight countries. Explorations in Economic History, 83, 101424. [Sources]
Nicaragua · NIC
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Netherlands · NLD
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1348–1807 (Holland) · Van Zanden, J. L. and van Leeuwen, B. (2012), ‘Persistent but not consistent: the growth of national income in Holland 1347–1807’, Explorations in Economic History, 49 (2012), pp. 119–30. [Sources]
- 1807-1913 · Smits, J.P., E. Horlings and J.L. van Zanden (2000). The Measurement of Gross National Product and its Components 1800-1913 (Groningen Growth and Development Centre Monograph series no 5). [Sources]
- 1913-1950 · C.A. van Bochove and T.A. Huitker, "Main National Accounting Series, 1900-1986", CBS Occasional Paper, No. 17, The Hague, 1987. [Maddison original sources]
Norway · NOR
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820–1930 · Grytten, O.H. (2015). Norwegian gross domestic product by industry 1830 - 1930, Norges Bank Working paper 19/2015. Population from Maddison (2006) [Sources]
- 1930-1950 · Central Bureau of Statistics Norway, 1970 and Maddison, A. Monintoring the World Economy, 1995 [Maddison original sources]
Nepal · NPL
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
New Zealand · NZL
Dataset region: Western Offshoots. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1870-1939 · K. Rankin, "New Zealand's Gross National Product: 1859-1939, Review of Income and Wealth, March 1992, pp. 60-1., 1870 amended to include indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita) [Maddison original sources]
- 1939-50 · C. Clark, The Conditions of Economic Progress, third edition, Macmillan, London, 1957, pp. 171-2 [Maddison original sources]
Oman · OMN
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Pakistan · PAK
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Panama · PAN
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1906–1945 · De Corso, G. (2013). El crecimiento economico de Venuzuela, Desde la Oligarquia Conservadora Hasta La Revolucion Bolivariana: 1830-2012. Uno Vision cuantitativa *: Venezuelan Economic Growth From The Conservative Oligarchy To The Bolivarian Revolution (1830-2012), Revista De Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 31(3), 321-357. doi:10.1017/S0212610913000190 [Sources]
Peru · PER
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1600–1812 · Arroyo Abad, L. and J.L. van Zanden (2016), “Growth under Extractive Institutions? Latin American Per Capita GDP in Colonial Times” Journal of Economic History 76(4): 1182–1215. [Sources]
- 1812–1870 · Seminario, B. (2015). El Desarrallo de la Economía Peruana en la Era Moderna, Universidad de Pacifico, Lima [Sources]
- 1870-1901 · Bertola, L and Ocampo, J.A. (2012) The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford, Oxford U.P, Table A2 [Sources]
- 1900-1913 · Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995 [Maddison original sources]
- 1913-1941 · C.A. Bolona Behr, "Tariff Policies in Peru, 1880-1980", Ph.D. thesis, Oxford University, 1981; [Maddison original sources]
- 1942-1950 · "Cuadros del producto interno bruto en dollares de 1950", CEPAL, Santiago, October 1962, mimeographed; [Maddison original sources]
- 1945-1950 · Series Historicas del Crecimiento de America Latina, CEPAL, Santiago, 1978. [Maddison original sources]
Philippines · PHL
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820-1900 · Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995 [Maddison original sources]
- 1900-1950 · R.W. Hooley, "Long Term Growth of the Philippine Economy, 1902-1961", , The Philippine Economic Journal, First Semester, 1968. [Maddison original sources]
Poland · POL
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1409–1913 · Malinowski, M. and Van Zanden (2017), “National income and its distribution in preindustrial Poland in a global perspective” Cliometrica, Volume 11, Issue 3, pp 375–40 [Sources]
- 1913-1929 · Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995 [Maddison original sources]
- 1929-1938 · K. Laski, Akumulacja i spozycie w procesie uprzemyslowienia Polski Ludowej, Ksiazka i Wiedza, Warsaw, 1956, pp. 86-90 [Maddison original sources]
- 1937-1950 · T.P. Alton (1970), p. 46, [Maddison original sources]
Puerto Rico · PRI
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
D.P.R. of Korea · PRK
Dataset region: East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1911-1940 · Cha, M.S., Kim, N.N., Park, K.-J., Park, Y. (Eds.) (2020), Historical Statistics of Korea. Studies in Economic History, New York: Springer Publishing. [Sources]
- 1990-2011 · Cha, M.S., Kim, N.N., Park, K.-J., Park, Y. (Eds.) (2020), Historical Statistics of Korea. Studies in Economic History, New York: Springer Publishing. [Sources]
Portugal · PRT
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 1530–1850 · Palma, N., & Reis, J. (2019). From Convergence to Divergence: Portuguese Economic Growth, 1527–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 79(2), 477-506. doi:10.1017/S0022050719000056 [Sources]
- 1850-1913 · Pedro Lains, "How Far Can We Go? Measuring Portuguese Economic Growth (1850-1913)" [Maddison original sources]
- 1938-1950 · R. Janes Cartado and N.E. Sequeira da Rosa, Series Longas as Contas Nacionais Portuguesas 1958-1985, Banco de Portugal, Lisbon, [Maddison original sources]
Paraguay · PRY
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
State of Palestine · PSE
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Qatar · QAT
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Romania · ROU
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1862–1995 · Axenciuc, V. (2012). Produsul intern brut al Romaniei, Vol. 1, Institutl de Economie Nationala, Bucarest [Sources]
- 1915-1919 & 1949 · Voinea, L., Cojocaru, A., Costache, B., Grigoraș, V., Lovin, H., Neagu, C., Orțan, D., & Tănase, A. (2019). One Hundred Years of Honesty: Recovering the Lost Memory of the Romanian Economy 1918-2018. [Sources]
Russian Federation · RUS
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1860-1885 · Kuboniwa, M. (2019). Estimating GDP and Foreign Rents of the Oil and Gas Sector in the Soviet Union and Present-Day Russia. In M. Kuboniwa, Y. Nakamura, K. Kumo, & Y. Shida (Eds.), Russian Economic Development over Three Centuries: New Data and Inferences (pp. 421–438). Springer. [Sources]
Rwanda · RWA
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Saudi Arabia · SAU
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820, 1870, 1913, 1950 · Pamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828 [Sources]
Sudan (Former) · SDN
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Senegal · SEN
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Singapore · SGP
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1900–1959 · Sugimoto, I. (2011), Economic growth of Singapore in the twentieth century: historical GDP estimates and empirical investigations, Economic Growth Centre Research Monograph ser., 2, http://www.worldscibooks.com/economics/7858.html (accessed on 30 Jan. 2013). [Sources]
Sierra Leone · SLE
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
El Salvador · SLV
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Serbia · SRB
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1952-2008 · Milanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project [Sources]
Sao Tome and Principe · STP
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Former USSR [statistical unit] · SUN
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1860-1885 · Kuboniwa, M. (2019). Estimating GDP and Foreign Rents of the Oil and Gas Sector in the Soviet Union and Present-Day Russia. In M. Kuboniwa, Y. Nakamura, K. Kumo, & Y. Shida (Eds.), Russian Economic Development over Three Centuries: New Data and Inferences (pp. 421–438). Springer. [Sources]
- 1885-1913 · Gregory, P. R. (1982). Russian National Income, 1885–1913, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [Sources]
- 1913-1928 · Markevich, A. and M. Harrison (2011). “Great War, Civil War, and Recovery: Russia's National Income, 1913 to 1928”, The Journal of Economic History, Volume 71 (3): 672 – 703, table 6. [Sources]
- 1991 - · Based on GDP and population data for their successor states [Sources]
- 1928-40 · R. Moorsteen and R.P. Powell, The Soviet Capital Stock 1928-1962, Irwin, Illinois, 1966, p. 361 [Maddison original sources]
- 1945-50 · R. Moorsteen and R.P. Powell, The Soviet Capital Stock 1928-1962, Irwin, Illinois, 1966, p. 362 [Maddison original sources]
- 1950-90 · CIA [Maddison original sources]
Slovakia · SVK
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Slovenia · SVN
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1952-2008 · Milanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project [Sources]
Sweden · SWE
Dataset region: Western Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1300–1560 · Krantz, O. (2017) “Swedish GDP 1300-1560 A Tentative Estimate” Lund Papers in Economic History: General Issues; No. 152. [Sources]
- 1560–1950 · Schön, L., and O. Krantz (2015) “New Swedish Historical National Accounts since the 16th Century in Constant and Current Prices” Lund Papers in Economic History no. 140 [Sources]
Swaziland · SWZ
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Seychelles · SYC
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Syrian Arab Republic · SYR
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820, 1870, 1913, 1950 · Pamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828 [Sources]
Chad · TCD
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Togo · TGO
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Thailand · THA
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820-1900 · Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995 [Maddison original sources]
- 1900-50 · Sompop Manarungsan, "Economic Development of Thailand, 1850-1950", University of Groningen, Ph. D. thesis, 1989 [Maddison original sources]
Tajikistan · TJK
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Turkmenistan · TKM
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Trinidad and Tobago · TTO
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Tunisia · TUN
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Turkey · TUR
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1 · Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 [Sources]
- 700 - 1820 · Pamuk, Ş. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). “Real Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500”, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011; Milanovic, B. (2006), “An estimate of average income and inequality in Byzantium around year 1000,” Review of Income and Wealth 52 (3). [Sources]
- 1500-1820 · Pamuk, S. (2009). “Estimating GDP per capita for the Ottoman Empire in a European Comparative Framework, 1500-1820”, paper presented at the XVth World Economic History Congress, August 2009, Utrecht [Sources]
- 182, 1870 · Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995 [Maddison original sources]
- 1923-48 · T. Bulutay, Y.S. Tezel and N. Yielderim, Turkiye Milli Geliri 1923-1948, Ankara, 1974. [Maddison original sources]
Taiwan, Province of China · TWN
Dataset region: East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1820 - 1940 · Fukao, K., D. Ma and T. Yuan (2007). Real GDP in Pre-War East Asia: A 1934-36 Benchmark Purchasing Power Parity Comparison with the U.S. Review of Income and Wealth, 53 (3): 503 - 537. Trend from original Maddison estimates applied to benchmark for 1934/36 [Sources]
U.R. of Tanzania: Mainland · TZA
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Uganda · UGA
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1906-1950 · Broadberry, S., & Gardner, L. (2022). Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1885–2008: Evidence from eight countries. Explorations in Economic History, 83, 101424. [Sources]
Ukraine · UKR
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Uruguay · URY
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1800-1870 · Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data) [Sources]
- 1870–2014 · Bèrtola, L. (2016). El PIB per Capita de Uruguay 1870 - 2016: una reconstruccion. PHES working paper No 48 [Sources]
United States · USA
Dataset region: Western Offshoots. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1650 - 1790 · McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671. [Sources]
- 1790 - 1870 · Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25. [Sources]
- 1800-1830 · Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data) [Sources]
- 1820-1950 · GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870). [Maddison original sources]
Uzbekistan · UZB
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) · VEN
Dataset region: Latin America. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1830–2012 · De Corso, G. (2013). El crecimiento economico de Venuzuela, Desde la Oligarquia Conservadora Hasta La Revolucion Bolivariana: 1830-2012. Uno Vision cuantitativa *: Venezuelan Economic Growth From The Conservative Oligarchy To The Bolivarian Revolution (1830-2012), Revista De Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 31(3), 321-357. doi:10.1017/S0212610913000190 [Sources]
Viet Nam · VNM
Dataset region: South and South East Asia. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Yemen · YEM
Dataset region: Middle East and North Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- No country-specific citation block in the two source sheets; consult the complete MPD release and original Maddison documentation. This is a provenance limitation.
Former Yugoslavia [statistical unit] · YUG
Dataset region: Eastern Europe. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1952-2008 · Milanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project [Sources]
- 2008 - · Based on GDP and population data for their successor states [Sources]
- 1870-1909 · Maddison, A. The World Economy, a Millenial Perspective, OECD, 2001 [Maddison original sources]
- 1909-12 · I. Vinski, "National Product and Fixed Assets in the Territory of Yugoslavia 1900-59" , in P. Deane, ed., Income and Wealth, Series IX, Bowes and Bowes, London, 1961, p. 221 [Maddison original sources]
- 1920-39 · I. Vinski, "National Product and Fixed Assets in the Territory of Yugoslavia 1900-59" , in P. Deane, ed., Income and Wealth, Series IX, Bowes and Bowes, London, 1961, p. 222 [Maddison original sources]
- 1947-52 · I. Vinski, "National Product and Fixed Assets in the Territory of Yugoslavia 1900-59" , in P. Deane, ed., Income and Wealth, Series IX, Bowes and Bowes, London, 1961, p. 223 [Maddison original sources]
South Africa · ZAF
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1700–1900 (Cape Colony) · Fourie, J. and Van Zanden, J.L. (2013). GDP in the Dutch Cape Colony: the Nationals Accounts of a Slave-Based Society, South African Journal of Economics, vol. 81 (4): 467 - 490 [Sources]
Zambia · ZMB
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1906-1950 · Broadberry, S., & Gardner, L. (2022). Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1885–2008: Evidence from eight countries. Explorations in Economic History, 83, 101424. [Sources]
Zimbabwe · ZWE
Dataset region: Sub Saharan Africa. Display anchor only; extent not represented.
- 1914-1950 · Broadberry, S., & Gardner, L. (2022). Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1885–2008: Evidence from eight countries. Explorations in Economic History, 83, 101424. [Sources]
- · [Sources]
- · [Sources]